TED Talks · Listen with Dr Jen Gunter

Skin Health Myths

a lot of importance into caring for our skin, which makes sense since it's the first thing other people see.

Level: B1 · 93 sentences

Transcript

a lot of importance into caring for our skin,
which makes sense since it's the first thing other people see.
Skin might also be one of the most misunderstood parts of our bodies.
So today, I'd like to run through some of the most common myths we have about our skin.
Myth number one, healthy skin is skin that looks flawless.
When we think of healthy skin, we might think of a clear,
even surface that's radiant and devoid of blemishes.
But skin is a living organ, just like the heart or lungs.
And just like any other organ, it's complex, serves many functions,
and not just about what's going on at the surface.
The epidermis is the outer layer we can see.
It's made up of different cell types,
including keratinocytes, which are replaced every four weeks.
As new cells grow at the base,
old cells are pushed up and form a harder layer that's difficult for water or microbes to cross.
Our keratinocytes also synthesize vitamin D from the sun,
which is vital for our health.
Other important cells in the epidermis include melanocytes,
which produce melanin, or a skin pigment,
and Langerhans cells, which are like little security guards on patrol for pathogens.
The dermis, our skin's tough second layer, isn't as well known.
It's a scaffold of collagen that's home to blood vessels,
hair follicles, and glands.
It's also packed with special nerve cells called sensory receptors that allow us to feel pressure,
vibration, even pain, some of which extend into the epidermis.
The dermis also helps regulate temperature.
If we're cold, our blood vessels contract to retain heat,
and if we're hot, they expand to release it.
We're told to exfoliate and tone and condition our skin to use rollers and serums and lasers.
Some of that does work, especially for folks with specific skin conditions.
But for normal to healthy skin,
we might be spending a lot of money on bunk products because healthy skin is simply skin that does its jobs.
Myth number two, you only need sunscreen on sunny days.
Ultraviolet rays from the sun are so strong, they damage our cells' DNA.
There are two types that affect the skin.
UVA rays penetrate the dermis,
damaging the collagen scaffold and accelerating aging.
UVB rays, meanwhile, cook the epidermis, causing sunburn.
While our cells can repair that damage, it accumulates over time.
And for some people, it can lead to skin cancer.
Our skin has a defense system.
When it's exposed to UV, our melanocytes release more melanin, and we get a tan.
This process is actually our skin's way of showing it's been damaged and protecting itself from more.
So by wearing sunscreen with an SPF of 30, even when it's cloudy,
you're protecting yourself from sunburn, early aging, and skin cancer.
Just choose one that's broad spectrum.
That means it's blocking UVA and UVB rays.
Myth number three, people with darker skin don't need sunscreen.
Most of us produce two types of melanin,
eumelanin, associated with richer brown tones,
and pheomelanin, associated with lighter skin and freckles.
Our skin color depends on the ratio between those two types of melanin and the density of pigment-creating structures within our cells.
It's true that having more melanin, specifically that first type,
does offer some protection from the sun.
Depending on how dark our skin is,
we do have some natural SPF, but it's not nearly enough.
all need sunscreen to ward off damage.
Black and Hispanic patients are also more likely to have skin cancer detected at advanced stages.
Why? Because of the many ways that racism permeates medicine.
A majority of dermatologists are white and were trained to diagnose on white skin.
Meanwhile, people of color have heard this myth of darker skin not being susceptible to skin cancer repeated.
Black patients are also less likely to receive early screenings,
leading to the delayed diagnosis.
One particular dangerous form of skin cancer,
acral melanoma, doesn't even come from ultraviolet exposure,
and it shows up in parts of the body that we might not think about,
nail beds and the bottoms of our feet.
It's an area we need more messaging about,
especially for people of color who experience higher levels of distrust toward doctors after years of mistreatment by the American medical system.
Myth number four, you can shrink your pores.
Pores are the tiny openings in our skin.
If you go further down, you'll find a hair follicle or gland.
You can think of pores as ducts.
They're what let sweat cool you and oil lubricate your skin.
Pore size is largely determined by genetics and they don't really shrink,
but they can expand when our skin is irritated by makeup or harsh products.
So save your money on pore minimizers and just wash your face with what dermatologists recommend as non-comedogenic.
Basically, made from stuff that won't clog pores.
Myth number five, chocolate causes acne.
Acne is the inflammation that occurs when our hair follicles get clogged with oil and dead skin,
allowing bacteria to overgrow.
There are a lot of factors involved, from hormones to genetics.
The link between acne and chocolate has been studied extensively,
but the results are pretty trash.
Studies that say chocolate is an acne aggravator tend to be small,
so aren't conclusive.
And studies that absolve chocolate are sometimes funded by chocolate makers.
Studying diet and its effect on acne is complex,
but the research suggests that the healthiest diet for your body overall could also be the healthiest diet for your skin.
Our skin is an amazing organ, so let's remember to treat it right.
Wear your sunscreen, keep an eye on any moles,
and see a dermatologist if there are any changes.
And ignore those myths, okay?