BBC Learnings · Section 19

What's the point of museums

I'm Neil. And I'm Beth.

Level: B2 · 71 sentences

Transcript

1. I'm Neil.
2. And I'm Beth.
3. London has many tourist attractions, from Big Ben to Buckingham Palace.
4. Would it surprise you to hear that many tourists' top destination is actually a museum?
5. The British Museum contains thousands of important artefacts, objects of special historical interest, including ancient Egyptian mummies, an Aztec serpent and the Rosetta Stone.
6. In fact, London has museums on every subject, from trains to fashion.
7. But recently, many museums have been criticised for stealing ancient treasures during imperial times, the age of the British Empire.
8. Many argue that these treasures, such as the famous Parthenon marbles and Benin bronzes, should be returned.
9. In this programme, we'll discuss the controversial role of museums in the 21st century and, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
10. But first, I have a question for you, Beth.
11. Another of London's most visited museums, the Natural History Museum, features a grand entrance hall which...
12. For decades contained an impressive life-size model of a dinosaur.
13. But what was this iconic dinosaur's name?
14. Was it a.
15. Dippy the Diplodocus, b.
16. Terry the Pterodactyl or c.
17. Tyrone the Tyrannosaurus?
18. I think the answer is Dippy the Diplodocus.
19. OK, Beth, I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
20. Anthropologist Professor Adam Cooper has written a new book, The Museum of Other People.
21. Which discusses the idea that many museum artefacts were stolen and should be given back.
22. Here he speaks to BBC Radio 4 programme Thinking Aloud about two sides of the debate, one which saw European culture as superior and another which didn't.
23. These are the two great ideologies of the imperial age.
24. The one is that all societies begin from a very rough base.
25. All our ancestors were hunter-gatherers at one stage.
26. And then they go through the stage of farming, industry.
27. All this while, they're getting smarter and smarter.
28. Their brains are getting bigger and bigger.
29. And they're moving from primitive magic to sophisticated religion and maybe on to science.
30. So it's onwards and upwards.
31. That's the imperial idea.
32. And we're going to help these other poor, benighted people up the ladder with us.
33. And opposed to this, there's this other 19th century ideology which says, no, this is an imperialist myth.
34. We have our own culture.
35. There are no better or worse cultures, there are just national cultures.
36. Imperialists believed that mankind progressed through stages, starting as hunter-gatherers, people who lived before the invention of farming and survived by hunting and collecting food in the wild.
37. According to this view, white European culture was best because it was the most advanced,
38. So it was their duty to help local cultures up the ladder, meaning to advance or make progress.
39. Adam Cooper uses the phrase onwards and upwards to describe a situation where things are improving, becoming better and better.
40. Of course, things didn't get better for everyone, especially the people whose land and possessions were stolen.
41. An opposing view argued that each culture is unique and should be valued and protected.
42. The legacy of colonialism is now being publicly debated, but the question of returning stolen artefacts remains complex.
43. Firstly, since many of these treasures are hundreds of years old, who should they be returned to?
44. What's more, the history behind these objects is complicated.
45. In the case of the Benin Bronzes, for example, questions can be asked about the actions of local leaders as well as the European powers.
46. So how can museums display their artefacts to reflect this complex history?
47. Here's Professor Cooper sharing his ideas with BBC Radio 4's Thinking Aloud.
48. I want to see a lot more temporary exhibitions and the kinds of exhibitions that I'm interested in are not about one particular tradition.
49. But about the relationships between different cultural traditions.
50. Everything is interconnected.
51. Of course, these connections are sometimes violent, sometimes oppressive, sometimes very difficult, sometimes very painful.
52. But things are changing.
53. An exhibition is a display showing a collection of artefacts.
54. Adam Cooper wants exhibitions to tell truthful stories by showing the relationships between cultures and how events are interconnected.
55. Connected or related to each other.
56. And these stories must include all cultures, going back almost to the dinosaurs.
57. And speaking of dinosaurs, Neil, it's time for you to reveal the answer to your question.
58. What was the name of the famous dinosaur which greeted visitors to London's Natural History Museum?
59. I said it was Dippy the Diplodocus.
60. Which was the correct answer.
61. The 26-metre-long dinosaur was displayed from 1905 until 2017 when it was replaced by the skeleton of a female blue whale, promisingly named Hope.
62. OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with artefact, an object of historical significance.
63. Hunter-gatherers were people who lived by hunting and collecting wild food rather than farming.
64. If someone moves up the ladder, they advance or make progress.
65. The phrase onwards and upwards describes a situation where things are getting better and better.
66. An exhibition is a display of artefacts in a museum or paintings in an art gallery.
67. And finally, the adjective interconnected describes separate things which are connected or related to each other.
68. Once again, our time is up.
69. Join us again soon for more trending topics.
70. Goodbye everyone.
71. Bye.