IELTS Listening · Cam 5

Test 1 Part 4

Okay, so we've been looking at the attitudes of various social and Cultural groups towards the management of their personal finances,

Level: B1 · 70 sentences

Transcript

  1. Okay, so we've been looking at the attitudes of various social and
  2. Cultural groups towards the management of their personal finances,
  3. How important they feel it is to save money,
  4. And what they save their money for.
  5. One aspect that we haven't yet considered is gender.
  6. So if we consider gender issues...
  7. Were basically asking whether men
  8. And women have different attitudes towards saving money and whether they save money for different things.
  9. Back in 1928, the British writer George Bernard Shaw wrote
  10. In his Intelligent Women's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism
  11. That a man is supposed to understand politics, economics and finance
  12. And is therefore unwilling to accept essential instruction.
  13. He also said a woman, having fewer pretensions,
  14. Is far more willing to learn.
  15. Now, though these days people might question a lot of the assumptions contained in those statements,
  16. Recent research does suggest
  17. That there are some quite fundamental differences between men and women
  18. In their attitudes to economic matters.
  19. Let's look at what men and women actually save for.
  20. Research studies of women in North America have found
  21. That women are far more likely to save for their children's education.
  22. And they are also more likely to save up
  23. In order to buy a house one day.
  24. The same studies have found that men,
  25. On the other hand, tend to save for a car,
  26. Which, by the way,
  27. Takes a surprisingly large amount of the household budget in North America.
  28. But the other main priority for men
  29. When saving money is their retirement.
  30. When they're earning, they're far more likely to put money aside for their old age than women are.
  31. Now, This is rather disturbing,
  32. Because, in fact, the need for women to save for their old age is far greater than for men.
  33. Let's consider this for a moment.
  34. To start with, it is a fact
  35. That throughout the world women are likely to live many years longer than men,
  36. So they need money to support them during this time.
  37. Since women are likely to be the ones left without a partner
  38. In old age, they may therefore have to pay for nursing care.
  39. Because they don't have a spouse to look after them.
  40. Furthermore, the high divorce rates in North America are creating a poverty cycle for women.
  41. It is the divorced women who will most often have to look
  42. After the children, and thus they need more money to look
  43. After not just themselves, but others.
  44. So what can be done about this situation?
  45. The population in North America is likely to contain an increasing number of elderly women.
  46. The research indicates that at present,
  47. For women it takes a crisis to make them think about their future financial situation.
  48. But of course, this is the very worst time for anyone to make important decisions.
  49. Women today need to look ahead, think ahead, not wait
  50. Until they're under pressure.
  51. Even women in their early twenties need to think about pensions,
  52. For example, and with increasing numbers of women
  53. In professional positions, there are signs that this is beginning to happen.
  54. Then research also suggests that women avoid dealing effectively
  55. With their economic situation because of a lack of confidence.
  56. The best way for them to overcome this is by getting themselves properly informed
  57. So they are less dependent on other people's advice.
  58. A number of initiatives have been set up to help them do this.
  59. This college, for example, is one of the educational institutions
  60. Which offers night classes in money management,
  61. And increasing numbers of women are enrolling on such courses.
  62. Here, they can be given advice on different ways of saving.
  63. Many women are unwilling to invest in stocks and shares, for instance,
  64. But these can be extremely profitable.
  65. It is usually advised
  66. That at least 70% of a person's savings should be in low-risk investments.
  67. But for the rest, financial advisors often advise taking some well-informed risks.
  68. Initiatives such as this can give women the economic skills and knowledge they need for a comfortable, independent retirement.
  69. The increasing proportion of elderly women
  70. In the population is likely to have other economic consequences.